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War in the Middle East and the doctrine of frustration - a brief note

A contract may be discharged on the ground of frustration when something occurs after the formation of the contract which renders it physically, legally or commercially impossible to fulfil the contract, or transforms the obligation to perform into a radically different obligation from that undertaken at the moment of entry into the contract. In National Carriers Ltd v Panalpina (Northern) Ltd [1981] A.C. 675, the test was set out as follows: " Frustration of a contract takes

Statutory limitation periods do not apply to unfair prejudice claims

The Supreme Court has held that claims in unfair prejudice petitions under section 994 of the Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006) are not subject to limitation periods under the Limitation Act 1980 (LA 1980). The appellant, a minority shareholder, sought to amend a section 994 petition to include an allegation that it had been wrongly excluded from a bonus share issue made more than six years earlier and claimed compensation for the alleged resulting loss. The Court of Appeal had he

Common assumption of valid assignment creates effective transfer of title of receivable

The Commercial Court held that a lender was the valid assignee of receivables used as security for a loan even though the purported assignor did not have title to the receivables. The lender's right was limited to a claim for the receivables referred to in the assignment agreement but do not extend to additional monies that became due under the agreement under which the receivables arose. The receivables arose under a consultancy agreement between A and B. C, a company relate

Higher default interest enforceable and not a penalty

The High Court has found that a contractual term allowing the lender to charge default interest was enforceable and not a penalty.  The test for the court to consider in penalty cases is whether charging a default rate protects a legitimate interest and, if such an interest exists, whether the sum payable is nevertheless extravagant, exorbitant or unconscionable.  In this case, a facility letter stated that any event of default, not only non-payment, switched the interest rat

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